About the Authors

James R. Bartholomew is Professor of Modern Japanese History at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. He received his A.B. in 1963, A.M. in 1964, and Ph.D. in 1972, all in history from Stanford University. In 1995-96 he was a Visiting Researcher in the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology at Tokyo University. He has also held fellowships from Harvard University (Macy Fellowship), the Institute for Advanced Study, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Science Foundation, and the Fulbright Program. In 1992 his book, The Formation of Science in Japan: Building a Research Tradition (Yale University Press, 1989), received the Pfizer Award of the History of Science Society. His current research focusses on the historical relationship of Japan to the Nobel prizes in medicine and the natural sciences.

Marcos Cueto received his Ph.D. from the Department of History at Columbia University and was a Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in the Science, Technology and Society Program at MIT. He received the Henry Schuman Prize in 1987. In 1993-94 he was Fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. He is author of several articles and books on the history of science and medicine in Latin America of the 19th and 20th centuries and is editor of Missionaries of Science: The Rockefeller Foundation and Latin America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994). Currently he is a researcher as the Instituto de Estudios Peruanos in Lima, Peru.

Gloria T. Emeagwali is Professor of History and African Studies at Central Connecticut State University. She served as a Visiting Scholar at St. Anthony’s College, Oxford University (1990-91), after teaching for ten years in three Nigerian universities. She has authored and edited five books, four related to African science and technology. She is in the process of developing a website on African Science and Technology.

Jorge Cañizares Esguerra was born in Quito, Ecuador, where he went to medical school from 1979 to 1985. He received his MA (1990) and Ph.D. (1995) in the History of Science from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. In 1995 he was appointed Assistant Professor in the Department of History at Illinois State University. He has received numerous fellowships from institutions such as the Social Research Council, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the University of Wisconsin and Illinois State University. He has published articles for journals and books in Latin America and Spain and his dissertation, Historical Criticism and the Dispute of the New World: The Reconstruction of the Native American Past in Europe and Spanish America 1750-1800, is due to appear from Stanford University Press. Recently he has been a fellow at the John Carter Brown Library and at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton.

Constance Hilliard received a BA, MA and Ph.D. from Harvard University in the areas of African History and Semitic Historiography. She has served as a Visiting Professor at Wellesley College and a Visiting Scholar at Harvard’s Center for Middle Eastern Studies. She is currently as Assistant Professor at the University of North Texas, where she specializes in African History.

Bill Johnson is Science Librarian at Texas Tech University. He contributed extensively to the Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (Garland Publishing, 1997).

Clara Sue Kidwell is Director of the Native American Studies program at the University of Oklahoma in Norman. She received her BA, M.A., and Ph.D. (History of Science) from the University of Oklahoma in 1970. She has held positions at the Kansas City Art Institute, Haskell Indian Junior College at Lawrence, Kansas, the University of Minnesota, and the University of California at Berkeley. From 1993 to 1995, she was Associate Director of Cultural Resources at the National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, before assuming her present position at the University of Oklahoma. Her scholarship has dealt with Indian women as cultural mediators, higher education issues in Native American communities, and aspects of Mississippi Choctaw culture in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Recently, she published Choctaws and Missionaries in Mississippi, 1818-1918 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995).

Philip F. Rehbock earned his B.A. in Economics at Stanford University in 1965. He received his Ph.D. in History of Science from Johns Hopkins University in 1975 and has been teaching at the University of Hawaii ever since. His principal research focus has been the history of natural history in 19th-century Britain, with special emphasis on the development of marine biology, ecology and biogeography. His first book, The Philosophical Naturalists: Themes in Early 19th-Century British Biology, addressed the role of idealist or "transcendental" philosophies in these sciences. In addition, he has edited numerous volumes, including At Sea with the Scientifics: The Challenger Letters of Joseph Matkin (1987); Oceanographic History: The Pacific and Beyond (in press); and, in collabotation with Roy MacLeod, Nature in its Greatest Extent: Western Science in the Pacific (1988) and Darwin's Laboratory: Evolutionary Theory and Natural History in the Pacific (1995).

William C. Summers is Professor at Yale University where he teaches both science and history of medicine and science. He has published articles on microbiology, biochemistry and genetics, as well as on history of microbiology and on history of medicine in China. He earned the BS, MS, M.D. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Wisconsin between 1961 and 1967. After a year of post-doctoral study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he joined the Yale faculty in 1968.

David Turnbull teaches at Deakin University in Geelong, Australia, where he has developed numerous educational materials on sociology of science, technoscience and aboriginal knowledge (especially maps and Micronesian navigation). His 1989 book, Maps Are Territories; Science is an Atlas (reprinted by Univ. of Chicago Press, 1993), reflects his enduring concerns for and expertise in maps, representations of knowledge and their use in social and political contexts. He is also co-author of Life Among the Scientists: An Anthropological Study of an Australian Scientific Community (1989). His current research/activity focuses on indigenous and local knowledge and the interaction of knowledge traditions, mapping and rights/power for indigenous peoples.